To me what i see of anime vs animation will always be "Anime vs Cartoon" + (3d / effects). Probably because from an asian perspective i will always group the animation (Disney / marvel / etc) as cartoon or 3d movies/shows.
But to put it in the most simple term its would be as : A Japanese style art/ concept based cartoon VS A Western style/concept cartoon.
Anime : Focus more on character details, background and storyline plot .
Hot blooded dramatic sensation ( to be honest i don't think western animation could replicated this aside from the chinese animations )
Animation : More of a adventure , comedy aspect
I also find that one of the core part that makes anime popular and good is the "Seiyuu". Compared to an animation with an english voice actor the vibe changes , (not to say that the english voice actor isn't good).
Found a summary which pretty much sums everything up :
(you need an account to see links)